Use structured logging with slog (#475)

2023-10-17 00:05:22 +03:00
parent fd892eef6d
commit b1abd6bd99
18 changed files with 132 additions and 123 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/commit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/commit.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
        with:
-          go-version: '1.20'
+          go-version: '1.21'
      - uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: ~/go/pkg/mod
--- a/.github/workflows/release.linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.linux.yml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
        with:
-          go-version: '1.20'
+          go-version: '1.21'

      - id: release
        uses: bruceadams/get-release@v1.2.2
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.20.1 as builder
+FROM golang:1.21.3 as builder

 WORKDIR /src/litestream
 COPY . .
--- a/cmd/litestream/generations.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/generations.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ func (c *GenerationsCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error)
 	for _, r := range replicas {
 		generations, err := r.Client.Generations(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("%s: cannot list generations: %s", r.Name(), err)
+			r.Logger().Error("cannot list generations", "error", err)
 			continue
 		}

@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ func (c *GenerationsCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error)
 		for _, generation := range generations {
 			createdAt, updatedAt, err := r.GenerationTimeBounds(ctx, generation)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Printf("%s: cannot determine generation time bounds: %s", r.Name(), err)
+				r.Logger().Error("cannot determine generation time bounds", "error", err)
 				continue
 			}

--- a/cmd/litestream/main.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/main.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
@@ -37,13 +37,11 @@ var (
 var errStop = errors.New("stop")

 func main() {
-	log.SetFlags(0)
-
 	m := NewMain()
 	if err := m.Run(context.Background(), os.Args[1:]); err == flag.ErrHelp || err == errStop {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Println(err)
+		slog.Error("failed to run", "error", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
@@ -172,6 +170,16 @@ type Config struct {
 	// Global S3 settings
 	AccessKeyID     string `yaml:"access-key-id"`
 	SecretAccessKey string `yaml:"secret-access-key"`
+
+	// Logging
+	Logging LoggingConfig `yaml:"logging"`
+}
+
+// LoggingConfig configures logging.
+type LoggingConfig struct {
+	Level  string `yaml:"level"`
+	Type   string `yaml:"type"`
+	Stderr bool   `yaml:"stderr"`
 }

 // propagateGlobalSettings copies global S3 settings to replica configs.
@@ -241,6 +249,36 @@ func ReadConfigFile(filename string, expandEnv bool) (_ Config, err error) {
 	// Propage settings from global config to replica configs.
 	config.propagateGlobalSettings()

+	// Configure logging.
+	logOutput := os.Stdout
+	if config.Logging.Stderr {
+		logOutput = os.Stderr
+	}
+
+	logOptions := slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}
+
+	switch strings.ToUpper(config.Logging.Level) {
+	case "DEBUG":
+		logOptions.Level = slog.LevelDebug
+	case "WARN", "WARNING":
+		logOptions.Level = slog.LevelWarn
+	case "ERROR":
+		logOptions.Level = slog.LevelError
+	}
+
+	var logHandler slog.Handler
+	switch config.Logging.Type {
+	case "json":
+		logHandler = slog.NewJSONHandler(logOutput, &logOptions)
+	case "text", "":
+		logHandler = slog.NewTextHandler(logOutput, &logOptions)
+	}
+
+	// Set global default logger.
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(logHandler))
+
 	return config, nil
 }

--- a/cmd/litestream/main_notwindows.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/main_notwindows.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// +build !windows
+//go:build !windows

 package main

--- a/cmd/litestream/main_windows.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/main_windows.go
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-// +build windows
+//go:build windows

 package main

 import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"

@@ -63,13 +62,13 @@ func (s *windowsService) Execute(args []string, r <-chan svc.ChangeRequest, stat
 	// Instantiate replication command and load configuration.
 	c := NewReplicateCommand()
 	if c.Config, err = ReadConfigFile(DefaultConfigPath(), true); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("cannot load configuration: %s", err)
+		slog.Error("cannot load configuration", "error", err)
 		return true, 1
 	}

 	// Execute replication command.
 	if err := c.Run(s.ctx); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("cannot replicate: %s", err)
+		slog.Error("cannot replicate", "error", err)
 		statusCh <- svc.Status{State: svc.StopPending}
 		return true, 2
 	}
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ func (s *windowsService) Execute(args []string, r <-chan svc.ChangeRequest, stat
 			case svc.Interrogate:
 				statusCh <- req.CurrentStatus
 			default:
-				log.Printf("Litestream service received unexpected change request cmd: %d", req.Cmd)
+				slog.Error("Litestream service received unexpected change request", "cmd", req.Cmd)
 			}
 		}
 	}
--- a/cmd/litestream/replicate.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/replicate.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	_ "net/http/pprof"
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ func NewReplicateCommand() *ReplicateCommand {
 func (c *ReplicateCommand) ParseFlags(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("litestream-replicate", flag.ContinueOnError)
 	execFlag := fs.String("exec", "", "execute subcommand")
-	tracePath := fs.String("trace", "", "trace path")
 	configPath, noExpandEnv := registerConfigFlag(fs)
 	fs.Usage = c.Usage
 	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
@@ -80,27 +79,17 @@ func (c *ReplicateCommand) ParseFlags(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err e
 		c.Config.Exec = *execFlag
 	}

-	// Enable trace logging.
-	if *tracePath != "" {
-		f, err := os.Create(*tracePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer f.Close()
-		litestream.Tracef = log.New(f, "", log.LstdFlags|log.Lmicroseconds|log.LUTC|log.Lshortfile).Printf
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // Run loads all databases specified in the configuration.
 func (c *ReplicateCommand) Run() (err error) {
 	// Display version information.
-	log.Printf("litestream %s", Version)
+	slog.Info("litestream", "version", Version)

 	// Setup databases.
 	if len(c.Config.DBs) == 0 {
-		log.Println("no databases specified in configuration")
+		slog.Error("no databases specified in configuration")
 	}

 	for _, dbConfig := range c.Config.DBs {
@@ -118,21 +107,22 @@ func (c *ReplicateCommand) Run() (err error) {

 	// Notify user that initialization is done.
 	for _, db := range c.DBs {
-		log.Printf("initialized db: %s", db.Path())
+		slog.Info("initialized db", "path", db.Path())
 		for _, r := range db.Replicas {
+			slog := slog.With("name", r.Name(), "type", r.Client.Type(), "sync-interval", r.SyncInterval)
 			switch client := r.Client.(type) {
 			case *file.ReplicaClient:
-				log.Printf("replicating to: name=%q type=%q path=%q", r.Name(), client.Type(), client.Path())
+				slog.Info("replicating to", "path", client.Path())
 			case *s3.ReplicaClient:
-				log.Printf("replicating to: name=%q type=%q bucket=%q path=%q region=%q endpoint=%q sync-interval=%s", r.Name(), client.Type(), client.Bucket, client.Path, client.Region, client.Endpoint, r.SyncInterval)
+				slog.Info("replicating to", "bucket", client.Bucket, "path", client.Path, "region", client.Region, "endpoint", client.Endpoint)
 			case *gcs.ReplicaClient:
-				log.Printf("replicating to: name=%q type=%q bucket=%q path=%q sync-interval=%s", r.Name(), client.Type(), client.Bucket, client.Path, r.SyncInterval)
+				slog.Info("replicating to", "bucket", client.Bucket, "path", client.Path)
 			case *abs.ReplicaClient:
-				log.Printf("replicating to: name=%q type=%q bucket=%q path=%q endpoint=%q sync-interval=%s", r.Name(), client.Type(), client.Bucket, client.Path, client.Endpoint, r.SyncInterval)
+				slog.Info("replicating to", "bucket", client.Bucket, "path", client.Path, "endpoint", client.Endpoint)
 			case *sftp.ReplicaClient:
-				log.Printf("replicating to: name=%q type=%q host=%q user=%q path=%q sync-interval=%s", r.Name(), client.Type(), client.Host, client.User, client.Path, r.SyncInterval)
+				slog.Info("replicating to", "host", client.Host, "user", client.User, "path", client.Path)
 			default:
-				log.Printf("replicating to: name=%q type=%q", r.Name(), client.Type())
+				slog.Info("replicating to")
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -146,11 +136,11 @@ func (c *ReplicateCommand) Run() (err error) {
 			hostport = net.JoinHostPort("localhost", port)
 		}

-		log.Printf("serving metrics on http://%s/metrics", hostport)
+		slog.Info("serving metrics on", "url", fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", hostport))
 		go func() {
 			http.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
 			if err := http.ListenAndServe(c.Config.Addr, nil); err != nil {
-				log.Printf("cannot start metrics server: %s", err)
+				slog.Error("cannot start metrics server", "error", err)
 			}
 		}()
 	}
@@ -179,7 +169,7 @@ func (c *ReplicateCommand) Run() (err error) {
 func (c *ReplicateCommand) Close() (err error) {
 	for _, db := range c.DBs {
 		if e := db.Close(); e != nil {
-			log.Printf("error closing db: path=%s err=%s", db.Path(), e)
+			db.Logger.Error("error closing db", "error", e)
 			if err == nil {
 				err = e
 			}
@@ -215,8 +205,5 @@ Arguments:
 	-no-expand-env
 	    Disables environment variable expansion in configuration file.

-	-trace PATH
-	    Write verbose trace logging to PATH.
-
 `[1:], DefaultConfigPath())
 }
--- a/cmd/litestream/restore.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/restore.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@ type RestoreCommand struct{}
 // Run executes the command.
 func (c *RestoreCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 	opt := litestream.NewRestoreOptions()
-	opt.Verbose = true

 	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("litestream-restore", flag.ContinueOnError)
 	configPath, noExpandEnv := registerConfigFlag(fs)
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@ func (c *RestoreCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 	ifDBNotExists := fs.Bool("if-db-not-exists", false, "")
 	ifReplicaExists := fs.Bool("if-replica-exists", false, "")
 	timestampStr := fs.String("timestamp", "", "timestamp")
-	verbose := fs.Bool("v", false, "verbose output")
 	fs.Usage = c.Usage
 	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -48,11 +45,6 @@ func (c *RestoreCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 		}
 	}

-	// Instantiate logger if verbose output is enabled.
-	if *verbose {
-		opt.Logger = log.New(os.Stderr, "", log.LstdFlags|log.Lmicroseconds)
-	}
-
 	// Determine replica & generation to restore from.
 	var r *litestream.Replica
 	if isURL(fs.Arg(0)) {
--- a/cmd/litestream/snapshots.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/snapshots.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (c *SnapshotsCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 	for _, r := range replicas {
 		infos, err := r.Snapshots(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("cannot determine snapshots: %s", err)
+			slog.Error("cannot determine snapshots", "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, info := range infos {
--- a/cmd/litestream/wal.go
+++ b/cmd/litestream/wal.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ func (c *WALCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 			generations = []string{*generation}
 		} else {
 			if generations, err = r.Client.Generations(ctx); err != nil {
-				log.Printf("%s: cannot determine generations: %s", r.Name(), err)
+				r.Logger().Error("cannot determine generations", "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ func (c *WALCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) (err error) {
 				}
 				return itr.Close()
 			}(); err != nil {
-				log.Printf("%s: cannot fetch wal segments: %s", r.Name(), err)
+				r.Logger().Error("cannot fetch wal segments", "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
--- a/db.go
+++ b/db.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"hash/crc64"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ type DB struct {
 	// Must be set before calling Open().
 	Replicas []*Replica

-	// Where to send log messages, defaults to log.Default()
-	Logger *log.Logger
+	// Where to send log messages, defaults to global slog with databas epath.
+	Logger *slog.Logger
 }

 // NewDB returns a new instance of DB for a given path.
@@ -114,8 +114,7 @@ func NewDB(path string) *DB {
 		MaxCheckpointPageN: DefaultMaxCheckpointPageN,
 		CheckpointInterval: DefaultCheckpointInterval,
 		MonitorInterval:    DefaultMonitorInterval,
-
-		Logger: log.Default(),
+		Logger:             slog.With("db", path),
 	}

 	db.dbSizeGauge = dbSizeGaugeVec.WithLabelValues(db.path)
@@ -461,7 +460,7 @@ func (db *DB) init() (err error) {

 	// If we have an existing shadow WAL, ensure the headers match.
 	if err := db.verifyHeadersMatch(); err != nil {
-		db.Logger.Printf("%s: init: cannot determine last wal position, clearing generation; %s", db.path, err)
+		db.Logger.Warn("init: cannot determine last wal position, clearing generation", "error", err)
 		if err := os.Remove(db.GenerationNamePath()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove generation name: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -703,7 +702,7 @@ func (db *DB) Sync(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	if err := db.init(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else if db.db == nil {
-		Tracef("%s: sync: no database found", db.path)
+		db.Logger.Debug("sync: no database found")
 		return nil
 	}

@@ -729,7 +728,7 @@ func (db *DB) Sync(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot verify wal state: %w", err)
 	}
-	Tracef("%s: sync: info=%#v", db.path, info)
+	db.Logger.Debug("sync", "info", &info)

 	// Track if anything in the shadow WAL changes and then notify at the end.
 	changed := info.walSize != info.shadowWALSize || info.restart || info.reason != ""
@@ -740,7 +739,7 @@ func (db *DB) Sync(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		if info.generation, err = db.createGeneration(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create generation: %w", err)
 		}
-		db.Logger.Printf("%s: sync: new generation %q, %s", db.path, info.generation, info.reason)
+		db.Logger.Info("sync: new generation", "generation", info.generation, "reason", info.reason)

 		// Clear shadow wal info.
 		info.shadowWALPath = db.ShadowWALPath(info.generation, 0)
@@ -794,7 +793,7 @@ func (db *DB) Sync(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		db.notify = make(chan struct{})
 	}

-	Tracef("%s: sync: ok", db.path)
+	db.Logger.Debug("sync: ok")

 	return nil
 }
@@ -985,7 +984,8 @@ func (db *DB) initShadowWALFile(filename string) (int64, error) {
 }

 func (db *DB) copyToShadowWAL(filename string) (newSize int64, err error) {
-	Tracef("%s: copy-shadow: %s", db.path, filename)
+	logger := db.Logger.With("filename", filename)
+	logger.Debug("copy-shadow")

 	r, err := os.Open(db.WALPath())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ func (db *DB) copyToShadowWAL(filename string) (newSize int64, err error) {
 	for {
 		// Read next page from WAL file.
 		if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, frame); err == io.EOF || err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
-			Tracef("%s: copy-shadow: break %s @ %d; err=%s", db.path, filename, offset, err)
+			logger.Debug("copy-shadow: break", "offset", offset, "error", err)
 			break // end of file or partial page
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("read wal: %w", err)
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ func (db *DB) copyToShadowWAL(filename string) (newSize int64, err error) {
 		salt0 := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(frame[8:])
 		salt1 := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(frame[12:])
 		if salt0 != hsalt0 || salt1 != hsalt1 {
-			Tracef("%s: copy-shadow: break: salt mismatch", db.path)
+			logger.Debug("copy-shadow: break: salt mismatch")
 			break
 		}

@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ func (db *DB) copyToShadowWAL(filename string) (newSize int64, err error) {
 		chksum0, chksum1 = Checksum(bo, chksum0, chksum1, frame[:8])  // frame header
 		chksum0, chksum1 = Checksum(bo, chksum0, chksum1, frame[24:]) // frame data
 		if chksum0 != fchksum0 || chksum1 != fchksum1 {
-			Tracef("%s: copy shadow: checksum mismatch, skipping: offset=%d (%x,%x) != (%x,%x)", db.path, offset, chksum0, chksum1, fchksum0, fchksum1)
+			logger.Debug("copy shadow: checksum mismatch, skipping", "offset", offset, "check", fmt.Sprintf("(%x,%x) != (%x,%x)", chksum0, chksum1, fchksum0, fchksum1))
 			break
 		}

@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ func (db *DB) copyToShadowWAL(filename string) (newSize int64, err error) {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("write temp shadow wal: %w", err)
 		}

-		Tracef("%s: copy-shadow: ok %s offset=%d salt=%x %x", db.path, filename, offset, salt0, salt1)
+		logger.Debug("copy-shadow: ok", "offset", offset, "salt", fmt.Sprintf("%x %x", salt0, salt1))
 		offset += int64(len(frame))

 		// Update new size if written frame was a commit record.
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ func (db *DB) execCheckpoint(mode string) (err error) {
 	if err := db.db.QueryRow(rawsql).Scan(&row[0], &row[1], &row[2]); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	Tracef("%s: checkpoint: mode=%v (%d,%d,%d)", db.path, mode, row[0], row[1], row[2])
+	db.Logger.Debug("checkpoint", "mode", mode, "result", fmt.Sprintf("%d,%d,%d", row[0], row[1], row[2]))

 	// Reacquire the read lock immediately after the checkpoint.
 	if err := db.acquireReadLock(); err != nil {
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ func (db *DB) monitor() {

 		// Sync the database to the shadow WAL.
 		if err := db.Sync(db.ctx); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			db.Logger.Printf("%s: sync error: %s", db.path, err)
+			db.Logger.Error("sync error", "error", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1560,10 +1560,6 @@ type RestoreOptions struct {

 	// Specifies how many WAL files are downloaded in parallel during restore.
 	Parallelism int
-
-	// Logging settings.
-	Logger  *log.Logger
-	Verbose bool
 }

 // NewRestoreOptions returns a new instance of RestoreOptions with defaults.
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/benbjohnson/litestream

-go 1.19
+go 1.21

 require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.31.0
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/martian/v3 v3.3.2 h1:IqNFLAmvJOgVlpdEBiQbDc2EwKW77amAycfTuWKdfvw=
+github.com/google/martian/v3 v3.3.2/go.mod h1:oBOf6HBosgwRXnUGWUB05QECsc6uvmMiJ3+6W4l/CUk=
 github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.4 h1:1kZ/sQM3srePvKs3tXAvQzo66XfcReoqFpIpIccE7Oc=
 github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.4/go.mod h1:Ej+mSEMGRnqRzjc7VtF+jdBwYG5fuJfiZ8ELkjEwM0A=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0 h1:Jskdu9ieNAYnjxsi0LbQp1ulIKZV1LAFgK1tWhpZgl8=
 github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0/go.mod h1:FFnZGqtBN9Gxj7eW1uZ42v5BccTP0vu6NEaFoC2HwRg=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
@@ -137,6 +139,7 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.11.1 h1:xRC8Iq1yyca5ypa9n1EZnWZkt7dwcoRPQwX/5gwa
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.11.1/go.mod h1:eesXgaPo1q7lBpVMoMy0ZOFTth9hBn4W/y0/p/ScXhY=
 github.com/rogpeppe/fastuuid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jVj6XXZzXRy/MSR5jhDC/2q6DgLz+nrA6LYCDYWNEvQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0 h1:TMyTOH3F/DB16zRVcYyreMH6GnZZrwQVAoYjRBZyWFQ=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0/go.mod h1:UQnix2H7Ngw/k4C5ijL5+65zddjncjaFoBhdsK/akog=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
@@ -212,6 +215,7 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9sn
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.1.0/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.11.0 h1:F9tnn/DA/Im8nCwm+fX+1/eBwi4qFjRT++MhtVC4ZX0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.11.0/go.mod h1:zC9APTIj3jG3FdV/Ons+XE1riIZXG4aZ4GTHiPZJPIU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
--- a/internal/internal_unix.go
+++ b/internal/internal_unix.go
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build aix || darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
 // +build aix darwin dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris

 package internal
--- a/internal/internal_windows.go
+++ b/internal/internal_windows.go
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build windows
 // +build windows

 package internal
--- a/litestream.go
+++ b/litestream.go
@@ -540,9 +540,6 @@ func isHexChar(ch rune) bool {
 	return (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') || (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f')
 }

-// Tracef is used for low-level tracing.
-var Tracef = func(format string, a ...interface{}) {}
-
 func assert(condition bool, message string) {
 	if !condition {
 		panic("assertion failed: " + message)
--- a/replica.go
+++ b/replica.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"hash/crc64"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -72,9 +72,6 @@ type Replica struct {
 	// Encryption identities and recipients
 	AgeIdentities []age.Identity
 	AgeRecipients []age.Recipient
-
-	// The logger to send logging messages to. Defaults to log.Default()
-	Logger *log.Logger
 }

 func NewReplica(db *DB, name string) *Replica {
@@ -87,7 +84,6 @@ func NewReplica(db *DB, name string) *Replica {
 		Retention:              DefaultRetention,
 		RetentionCheckInterval: DefaultRetentionCheckInterval,
 		MonitorEnabled:         true,
-		Logger:                 log.Default(),
 	}

 	return r
@@ -101,6 +97,11 @@ func (r *Replica) Name() string {
 	return r.name
 }

+// Logger returns the DB sub-logger for this replica.
+func (r *Replica) Logger() *slog.Logger {
+	return r.db.Logger.With("replica", r.Name())
+}
+
 // DB returns a reference to the database the replica is attached to, if any.
 func (r *Replica) DB() *DB { return r.db }

@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ func (r *Replica) Sync(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	}
 	generation := dpos.Generation

-	Tracef("%s(%s): replica sync: db.pos=%s", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), dpos)
+	r.Logger().Debug("replica sync", "position", dpos.String())

 	// Create a new snapshot and update the current replica position if
 	// the generation on the database has changed.
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ func (r *Replica) Sync(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("cannot determine replica position: %s", err)
 		}

-		Tracef("%s(%s): replica sync: calc new pos: %s", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), pos)
+		r.Logger().Debug("replica sync: calc new pos", "position", pos.String())
 		r.mu.Lock()
 		r.pos = pos
 		r.mu.Unlock()
@@ -222,6 +223,12 @@ func (r *Replica) syncWAL(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	// Obtain initial position from shadow reader.
 	// It may have moved to the next index if previous position was at the end.
 	pos := rd.Pos()
+	initialPos := pos
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	var bytesWritten int
+
+	logger := r.Logger()
+	logger.Info("write wal segment", "position", initialPos.String())

 	// Copy through pipe into client from the starting position.
 	var g errgroup.Group
@@ -263,6 +270,7 @@ func (r *Replica) syncWAL(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 			return err
 		}
 		walBytesCounter.Add(float64(n))
+		bytesWritten += n
 	}

 	// Copy frames.
@@ -289,6 +297,7 @@ func (r *Replica) syncWAL(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 			return err
 		}
 		walBytesCounter.Add(float64(n))
+		bytesWritten += n
 	}

 	// Flush LZ4 writer, encryption writer and close pipe.
@@ -314,6 +323,7 @@ func (r *Replica) syncWAL(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	replicaWALIndexGaugeVec.WithLabelValues(r.db.Path(), r.Name()).Set(float64(rd.Pos().Index))
 	replicaWALOffsetGaugeVec.WithLabelValues(r.db.Path(), r.Name()).Set(float64(rd.Pos().Offset))

+	logger.Info("wal segment written", "position", initialPos.String(), "elapsed", time.Since(startTime).String(), "sz", bytesWritten)
 	return nil
 }

@@ -535,6 +545,10 @@ func (r *Replica) Snapshot(ctx context.Context) (info SnapshotInfo, err error) {
 		return wc.Close()
 	})

+	logger := r.Logger()
+	logger.Info("write snapshot", "position", pos.String())
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
 	// Delegate write to client & wait for writer goroutine to finish.
 	if info, err = r.Client.WriteSnapshot(ctx, pos.Generation, pos.Index, pr); err != nil {
 		return info, err
@@ -542,8 +556,7 @@ func (r *Replica) Snapshot(ctx context.Context) (info SnapshotInfo, err error) {
 		return info, err
 	}

-	r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): snapshot written %s/%08x", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), pos.Generation, pos.Index)
-
+	logger.Info("snapshot written", "position", pos.String(), "elapsed", time.Since(startTime).String(), "sz", info.Size)
 	return info, nil
 }

@@ -610,7 +623,7 @@ func (r *Replica) deleteSnapshotsBeforeIndex(ctx context.Context, generation str
 		if err := r.Client.DeleteSnapshot(ctx, info.Generation, info.Index); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("delete snapshot %s/%08x: %w", info.Generation, info.Index, err)
 		}
-		r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): snapshot deleted %s/%08x", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), generation, index)
+		r.Logger().Info("snapshot deleted", "generation", generation, "index", index)
 	}

 	return itr.Close()
@@ -642,8 +655,8 @@ func (r *Replica) deleteWALSegmentsBeforeIndex(ctx context.Context, generation s
 	if err := r.Client.DeleteWALSegments(ctx, a); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("delete wal segments: %w", err)
 	}
-	r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): wal segmented deleted before %s/%08x: n=%d", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), generation, index, len(a))

+	r.Logger().Info("wal segmented deleted before", "generation", generation, "index", index, "n", len(a))
 	return nil
 }

@@ -679,7 +692,7 @@ func (r *Replica) monitor(ctx context.Context) {

 		// Synchronize the shadow wal into the replication directory.
 		if err := r.Sync(ctx); err != nil {
-			r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): monitor error: %s", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), err)
+			r.Logger().Error("monitor error", "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
 	}
@@ -707,7 +720,7 @@ func (r *Replica) retainer(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 		case <-ticker.C:
 			if err := r.EnforceRetention(ctx); err != nil {
-				r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): retainer error: %s", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), err)
+				r.Logger().Error("retainer error", "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
@@ -729,7 +742,7 @@ func (r *Replica) snapshotter(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 		case <-ticker.C:
 			if _, err := r.Snapshot(ctx); err != nil && err != ErrNoGeneration {
-				r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): snapshotter error: %s", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), err)
+				r.Logger().Error("snapshotter error", "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
@@ -757,7 +770,7 @@ func (r *Replica) validator(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 		case <-ticker.C:
 			if err := r.Validate(ctx); err != nil {
-				r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): validation error: %s", r.db.Path(), r.Name(), err)
+				r.Logger().Error("validation error", "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
@@ -794,7 +807,6 @@ func (r *Replica) Validate(ctx context.Context) error {
 		ReplicaName: r.Name(),
 		Generation:  pos.Generation,
 		Index:       pos.Index - 1,
-		Logger:      r.Logger,
 	}); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot restore: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -819,7 +831,7 @@ func (r *Replica) Validate(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if mismatch {
 		status = "mismatch"
 	}
-	r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): validator: status=%s db=%016x replica=%016x pos=%s", db.Path(), r.Name(), status, chksum0, chksum1, pos)
+	r.Logger().Info("validator", "status", status, "db", fmt.Sprintf("%016x", chksum0), "replica", fmt.Sprintf("%016x", chksum1), "position", pos.String())

 	// Validate checksums match.
 	if mismatch {
@@ -837,8 +849,6 @@ func (r *Replica) Validate(ctx context.Context) error {

 // waitForReplica blocks until replica reaches at least the given position.
 func (r *Replica) waitForReplica(ctx context.Context, pos Pos) error {
-	db := r.DB()
-
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
 	defer ticker.Stop()

@@ -861,7 +871,7 @@ func (r *Replica) waitForReplica(ctx context.Context, pos Pos) error {
 		// Obtain current position of replica, check if past target position.
 		curr := r.Pos()
 		if curr.IsZero() {
-			r.Logger.Printf("%s(%s): validator: no replica position available", db.Path(), r.Name())
+			r.Logger().Info("validator: no replica position available")
 			continue
 		}

@@ -1013,17 +1023,6 @@ func (r *Replica) Restore(ctx context.Context, opt RestoreOptions) (err error) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify index & timestamp to restore")
 	}

-	// Ensure logger exists.
-	logger := opt.Logger
-	if logger == nil {
-		logger = r.Logger
-	}
-
-	logPrefix := r.Name()
-	if db := r.DB(); db != nil {
-		logPrefix = fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s)", db.Path(), r.Name())
-	}
-
 	// Ensure output path does not already exist.
 	if _, err := os.Stat(opt.OutputPath); err == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot restore, output path already exists: %s", opt.OutputPath)
@@ -1070,19 +1069,19 @@ func (r *Replica) Restore(ctx context.Context, opt RestoreOptions) (err error) {
 	tmpPath := opt.OutputPath + ".tmp"

 	// Copy snapshot to output path.
-	logger.Printf("%s: restoring snapshot %s/%08x to %s", logPrefix, opt.Generation, minWALIndex, tmpPath)
+	r.Logger().Info("restoring snapshot", "generation", opt.Generation, "index", minWALIndex, "path", tmpPath)
 	if err := r.restoreSnapshot(ctx, pos.Generation, pos.Index, tmpPath); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot restore snapshot: %w", err)
 	}

 	// If no WAL files available, move snapshot to final path & exit early.
 	if snapshotOnly {
-		logger.Printf("%s: snapshot only, finalizing database", logPrefix)
+		r.Logger().Info("snapshot only, finalizing database")
 		return os.Rename(tmpPath, opt.OutputPath)
 	}

 	// Begin processing WAL files.
-	logger.Printf("%s: restoring wal files: generation=%s index=[%08x,%08x]", logPrefix, opt.Generation, minWALIndex, maxWALIndex)
+	r.Logger().Info("restoring wal files", "generation", opt.Generation, "index_min", minWALIndex, "index_max", maxWALIndex)

 	// Fill input channel with all WAL indexes to be loaded in order.
 	// Verify every index has at least one offset.
@@ -1138,9 +1137,9 @@ func (r *Replica) Restore(ctx context.Context, opt RestoreOptions) (err error) {
 						return err
 					}

-					logger.Printf("%s: downloaded wal %s/%08x elapsed=%s",
-						logPrefix, opt.Generation, index,
-						time.Since(startTime).String(),
+					r.Logger().Info("downloaded wal",
+						"generation", opt.Generation, "index", index,
+						"elapsed", time.Since(startTime).String(),
 					)
 				}
 			}
@@ -1167,10 +1166,7 @@ func (r *Replica) Restore(ctx context.Context, opt RestoreOptions) (err error) {
 		if err = applyWAL(ctx, index, tmpPath); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("cannot apply wal: %w", err)
 		}
-		logger.Printf("%s: applied wal %s/%08x elapsed=%s",
-			logPrefix, opt.Generation, index,
-			time.Since(startTime).String(),
-		)
+		r.Logger().Info("applied wal", "generation", opt.Generation, "index", index, "elapsed", time.Since(startTime).String())
 	}

 	// Ensure all goroutines finish. All errors should have been handled during
@@ -1180,7 +1176,7 @@ func (r *Replica) Restore(ctx context.Context, opt RestoreOptions) (err error) {
 	}

 	// Copy file to final location.
-	logger.Printf("%s: renaming database from temporary location", logPrefix)
+	r.Logger().Info("renaming database from temporary location")
 	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, opt.OutputPath); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}